Initially scheduled for Tuesday after the swearing-in ceremony of the new government, the cabinet meeting was postponed for 24 hours.
Bongo arrived Tuesday at 1 am (00:00 GMT) in Libreville, and personally presided over the swearing-in ceremony of the 38-member government formed on Sunday, including the new Prime Minister, Julien Nkoghe Bekale.
Bongo in October reportedly suffered a stroke while attending a meeting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where he was hospitalised at the King Faisal Hospital in the Saudi capital.
He later transferred to Rabat, Morocco, to continue his recovery.