Mali and Niger have taken decisive steps to regulate Chinese companies operating in their mining and oil sectors, citing non-compliance with local laws and practices deemed detrimental to national interests.
Mali has demanded an immediate halt to illegal mining activities involving Chinese nationals, while Niger is overhauling its oil cooperation with the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).
In Mali, Prime Minister General Abdoulaye Maiga summoned Chinese Ambassador Chen Zhihong on March 25th to address illegal mining activities between 2021 and 2025 and their environmental and social impacts. Malian authorities have demanded strict adherence to national legislation, suspended artisanal mining permits for foreigners, and proposed a coordination mechanism with the Chinese embassy. This action follows a mining accident on February 17th, 2025, that resulted in 48 deaths, highlighting the dangers of unregulated mining.
In Niger, the government is implementing stringent measures against CNPC, accusing the company of disregarding local content reforms and prioritizing foreign labor. On March 6th, 2025, Niamey revoked the license of the Chinese-owned Soluxe International Hotel. Authorities are now mandating standardized salary scales, the “Nigerization” of key positions, and a revision of subcontracting contracts to favor local companies, based on Ordinance No. 2024-34.
These actions reflect a broader push by Sahelian states to assert economic sovereignty following military coups in Mali (August 2020) and Niger (July 2023). The new authorities are seeking to increase control over natural resources for national profit, diversify economic partnerships to reduce dependence, and address public concerns about perceived predatory practices by foreign companies.
This marks a shift in Sino-Sahelian relations, which have traditionally been characterized by strong Chinese economic involvement.
China is likely to adjust its strategy to maintain its influence in the region. Ambassador Chen Zhihong has proposed a coordination mechanism in Mali, and a similar approach may be adopted in Niger to de-escalate tensions. However, negotiations are expected to be complex, involving a redefinition of cooperation terms that have historically favored Chinese companies.
AC/Sf/fss/abj/APA